Reduction techniques require adequate muscle relaxation and analgesia which may require conscious sedation or intra-articular analgesia. Several techniques have been described; details are beyond the scope of this content:
- The Stimson technique of hanging weights from the forearm of the prone patient.
- The two person technique of traction-countertraction with bedsheets.
- External rotation of Leidelmeyer performed on the supine patient.
- Elevation maneuver of Cooper and Milch.
- Scapular manipulation.
The neurovascular exam is then repeated, a sling and swathe is placed, and post-reduction x rays are checked for reduction and fractures.
Shoulder immobilization is maintained for 3-6 weeks in younger patients, 1-2 weeks in patients over 40. Primary dislocations or complicated cases (fracture, rotator cuff injury, axillary nerve injury) require orthopedic follow-up.
