Segond fractures are usually the result of an internal rotation and varuses (or “bowing”) stress injury that causes excessive tension of the lateral capsular ligament.  Reverse Segond fractures are caused by abnormal valgus (or "knock-knee") stress and external rotation.

     Physical exam reveals a painful, swollen, ecchymotic knee with limited range of motion and effusion.  If the patient’s pain is controlled, classic signs of ACL or meniscal tears may be elicited.