The calcaneus is the most frequently fractured tarsal bone.  The mechanism of injury typically is a high energy axial load on the heel. 

Typical causes include:

• fall from height (usually at least 6 feet)
• MVC
• impact on a hard surface while running or jumping. 

Less severe extra-articular fractures occur from avulsion with abrupt contraction of the Achilles tendon and stress fracture.