"Ophthalmology is the branch of medicine that provides the complete medical and surgical care of the eye and related structures of the visual system (extra ocular muscles, eyelids, orbit, nerves, visual pathways, and more). Yes, they can prescribe glasses and contact lenses. But their spectrum of care extends much further. It requires mastery of the anatomy, physiology, microbiology, and pathophysiology of the eye, as well as an understanding of optical physics. To treat ocular and visual disorders, ophthalmologists are really both internists and surgeons" (Freeman, p.295).

-- Freeman, B. (2004). The Ultimate Guide to Choosing a Medical Specialty. Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill: New York.